Seven years of cyanide ingestions in the USA: critically ill patients are common, but antidote use is not.
īebarta VS, Pitotti RL, Borys DJ, Morgan DL. Hydroxocobalamin versus sodium thiosulfate for the treatment of acute cyanide toxicity in a swine (Sus scrofa) model. īebarta VS, Pitotti RL, Dixon P, Lairet JR, Bush A, Tanen DA. Hydroxocobalamin and sodium thiosulfate versus sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate in the treatment of acute cyanide toxicity in a swine (Sus scrofa) model. īebarta VS, Tanen DA, Lairet J, Dixon PS, Valtier S, Bush A. Hydroxocobalamin and epinephrine both improve survival in a swine model of cyanide-induced cardiac arrest. doi:10.1097/MJT.0b013e31824ea656.īebarta VS, Pitotti RL, Dixon PS, Valtier S, Esquivel L, Bush A, Little CM.
Patterns of cyanide antidote use since regulatory approval of hydroxocobalamin in the United States.
Streitz MJ, Bebarta VS, Borys DJ, Morgan DL. Cyanide poisoning and cardiac disorders: 161 cases. 2006 44 Suppl 1:5–15.įortin JL, Desmettre T, Manzon C, Judic-Peureux V, Peugeot-Mortier C, Giocanti JP, Hachelaf M, Grangeon M, Hostalek U, Crouzet J, Capellier G. Efficacy of hydroxocobalamin for the treatment of acute cyanide poisoning in adult beagle dogs. Cyanide-induced neurotoxicity: role of neuronal calcium. Sodium thiosulfate or hydroxocobalamin for the empiric treatment of cyanide poisoning? Ann Emerg Med. Which cyanide antidote? Crit Rev Toxicol. Dimethyl trisulfide: a novel cyanide countermeasure. Insufficient stocking of cyanide antidotes in US hospitals that provide emergency care. Hydroxocobalamin: improved public health readiness for cyanide disasters. Cyanide poisoning by fire smoke inhalation: an European expert consensus. Epub 8.Īnseeuw K, Delvau N, Burillo-Putze G, De Iaco F, Geldner G, Holmstrom P, Lambert Y, Sabbe M. Review article: management of cyanide poisoning. Reade MC, Davies SR, Morley PT, Dennett J, Jacobs IC. Emergency preparedness and response: cyanide 2008.
2014 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers’ National Poison Data System (NPDS): 32nd annual report. Mowry JB, Spyker DA, Brooks DE, McMillan N, Schauben JL. Swedish forensic data 1992–2009 suggest hydrogen cyanide as an important cause of death in fire victims. Stamyr K, Thelander G, Ernstgard L, Ahlner J, Johanson G. Case files of the University of Massachusetts toxicology fellowship: does this smoke inhalation victim require treatment with cyanide antidote? J Med Toxicol. The availability of antidotal therapy also is subject to impact from both market and regulatory forces. Several treatments are available to treat cyanide toxicity, and clinical practice guidelines are available. Cyanide also creates an occupational hazard in industries such as electroplating, metal extraction, pest control, and oil field work. Recent events have highlighted the need for preparedness against possible chemical terrorist attacks. The largest threat of cyanide toxicity is actually the result of terrorism and war. There are as many deaths each year in the United States as from cardiac glycosides, beta blockers alone, or organophosphates. While fortunately less common, the most interesting cause of cyanide toxicity come from suicidal and homicidal acts. The most common cause of cyanide toxicity is inhaled cyanide (hydrogen cyanide) from structure fires.
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